Dab tsi yog Qhov System Cov Ntaub Ntawv? [PLAINED]

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj lub cev yog khaws cia rau hauv lub hard drive lossis lwm yam khoom siv cia. Ib qho system yog tsim nyog los khaws cov ntaub ntawv no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npaj. Qhov no yog dab tsi cov ntaub ntawv system ua. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yog ib txoj hauv kev los cais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav thiab khaws cia ua cov ntaub ntawv cais. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ntaub ntawv - nws lub npe, nws hom, kev tso cai, thiab lwm yam khoom raug muab khaws cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tswj xyuas qhov ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv. Ua li no, lub operating system tsis tas yuav hla tag nrho cov disk kom pom cov ntaub ntawv.

Muaj ntau hom ntaub ntawv tshuab. Koj lub operating system thiab cov ntaub ntawv system yuav tsum tau sib xws. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd OS yuav tuaj yeem tso saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab ua lwm yam haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawd. Ib qho kev txhim kho yuav yog rau nruab ib lub kaw lus tsav tsheb los txhawb cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.

Cov ntsiab lus[ zais ]

• Dab tsi yog Qhov System Cov Ntaub Ntawv?
• Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv
• Cov ntaub ntawv systems – ib tug ntxaws saib
• Common cov ntaub ntawv systems
• 1. NTFS
• 2. FAT
• Koj puas tuaj yeem hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus?

Dab tsi yog Qhov System Cov Ntaub Ntawv?

Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cuab yeej cia. Cov ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa rau hauv cov folders uas tseem hu ua cov npe. Txhua daim ntawv teev npe muaj ib lossis ntau daim ntawv teev npe uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab ua pawg raws li qee cov qauv.

Qhov twg muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub computer, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov computers muaj cov ntaub ntawv system.

Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntaub ntawv systems. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam xws li yuav ua li cas lawv npaj cov ntaub ntawv, qhov ceev, ntxiv nta, thiab lwm yam ... Qee cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsav uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv me me thaum lwm tus muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Qee lub tshuab ua ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov, nws yuav tsis yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws. Nws yuav nyuaj rau nrhiav tau tag nrho cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws hauv ib lub kaw lus.

Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los nrhiav 'cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws.' Txhua cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus yog tsim los rau lub hom phiaj sib txawv thiab yog li muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Thaum tsim ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm, cov neeg tsim khoom kuj ua haujlwm tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau OS. Microsoft, Apple, thiab Linux muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los teev cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau lub tshuab cia loj dua. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tau hloov zuj zus thiab yog li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshiab nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv zoo dua li cov laus.

Tsim cov ntaub ntawv system tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua haujlwm lub taub hau mus rau hauv nws. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus txhais li cas cov metadata khaws cia, cov ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa thiab ntsuas li cas, thiab ntau ntxiv. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev uas yuav ua tau. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, yeej ib txwm muaj chaw rau kev txhim kho - ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua los yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ua cov dej num ntsig txog kev khaws ntaub ntawv.

Kuj Nyeem: Cov cuab yeej tswj hwm hauv Windows 10 yog dab tsi?

Cov ntaub ntawv systems – ib tug ntxaws saib

Cia peb tam sim no dhia tob kom nkag siab tias cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm li cas. Cov cuab yeej cia muab faib ua ntu hu ua sectors. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws cia hauv cov haujlwm no. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus pom qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsim nyog ntawm lub cuab yeej cia. Cov haujlwm pub dawb tau sau tias 'tsis siv.' Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm uas pub dawb thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov haujlwm no.

Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, thaum muaj ntau yam kev nyeem thiab sau cov haujlwm tau ua tiav, cov cuab yeej cia tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem hu ua fragmentation. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem zam tau tab sis yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, kom tswj tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov system. Defragmentation yog txheej txheem rov qab, siv los kho cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawg. Cov cuab yeej defragmentation dawb muaj rau tib yam.

Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov npe thiab cov folders pab tshem tawm cov npe tsis zoo. Yog tsis muaj folders, nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua kom muaj 2 cov ntaub ntawv nrog tib lub npe. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv kuj yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - cov ntaub ntawv npe, cov ntaub ntawv loj, cov ntaub ntawv qhov chaw, qhov loj me, cov npe uas nws nyob, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tawg, thiab lwm yam.

Common cov ntaub ntawv systems

1. NTFS

NTFS stands for New Technology File System. Microsoft tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus hauv xyoo 1993. Feem ntau ntawm Windows OS – Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, thiab Windows 10 siv cov NTFS.

Xyuas seb lub tsav puas yog formatted li NTFS

Ua ntej teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus ntawm lub tsav, nws yuav tsum tau formatted. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm tus tsav raug xaiv thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws raug tshem tawm kom cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tuaj yeem teeb tsa. Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb koj lub hard drive puas siv NTFS lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.

• Yog koj qhib 'Disk Management' hauv Windows (pom hauv Control Vaj Huam Sib Luag), koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus tau teev nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog lub tsav.
• Lossis, koj tseem tuaj yeem nyem rau ntawm tus tsav ncaj qha los ntawm Windows Explorer. Mus rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco-down thiab xaiv 'properties.' Koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus hom hais nyob ntawd.

Features ntawm NTFS

NTFS muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa hard drives ntawm qhov loj me - txog 16 EB. Cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej ntawm qhov loj txog 256 TB tuaj yeem khaws cia.

Muaj ib tug feature hu ua Transactional NTFS . Cov ntawv thov tsim siv cov yam ntxwv no ua tsis tiav lossis ua tiav tiav. Qhov no yuav pab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee qhov kev hloov pauv ua haujlwm zoo thaum lwm yam kev hloov pauv tsis ua haujlwm. Txhua qhov kev lag luam ua los ntawm tus tsim tawm yog atomic.

NTFS muaj lub npe hu ua Volume Shadow Copy Service . Lub OS thiab lwm yam software backup cov cuab yeej siv cov yam ntxwv no los thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv uas tam sim no siv.

NTFS tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau cia. Ua ntej qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua tiav, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tau ua hauv ib lub cav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas qhov kev hloov tshiab ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm ua ntej tau cog lus, lub cav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rov qab mus rau lub xeev dhau los.

EFS - Encryption File System yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas encryption yog muab rau ib tus neeg cov ntaub ntawv thiab folders.

Hauv NTFS, tus thawj coj muaj txoj cai los teeb tsa disk siv quotas. Qhov no yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias txhua tus neeg siv muaj kev sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw sib koom thiab tsis muaj tus neeg siv siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub network drive.

2. FAT

FAT stands rau File Allocation Table. Microsoft tsim cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus hauv xyoo 1977. FAT tau siv hauv MS-DOS thiab lwm yam qub versions ntawm Windows OS. Niaj hnub no, NTFS yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv Windows OS. Txawm li cas los xij, FAT tseem yog qhov kev txhawb nqa.

FAT tau hloov zuj zus nrog lub sijhawm, los txhawb cov hard drive nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj.

Qhov txawv versions ntawm FAT File System

FAT12

Taw qhia xyoo 1980, FAT12 tau siv dav hauv Microsoft Oss mus txog rau MS-DOS 4.0. Floppy disks tseem siv FAT12. Hauv FAT12, cov npe ntaub ntawv tsis tuaj yeem tshaj 8 tus cim thaum txuas ntxiv, qhov txwv yog 3 cim. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas peb siv niaj hnub no, yog thawj zaug hauv qhov no ntawm FAT - ntim daim ntawv lo, zais, kaw lus, nyeem nkaus xwb.

FAT16

16-ntsis Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cov Rooj Sib Tham tau tso tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1984 thiab tau siv nyob rau hauv DOS systems txog rau version 6.22.

FAT32

Qhia tawm xyoo 1996, nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm FAT. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 2TB drives (thiab txawm tias mus txog 16 KB nrog 64 KB pawg).

ExFAT

EXFAT stands rau Extended File Allocation Table. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsim los ntawm Microsoft thiab qhia hauv 2006, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog FAT tom ntej. Nws txhais tau hais tias siv rau hauv cov khoom siv portable - flash drives, SDHC phaib, thiab lwm yam ... Qhov no version ntawm FAT tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txhua lub versions ntawm Windows OS. Txog 2,796,202 cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ib phau ntawv thiab cov npe cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem nqa txog 255 tus cim.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv siv feem ntau yog

• HFS+
• Btrfs
• Sib pauv
• Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 (Linux systems)
• UDF
• GFS

Koj puas tuaj yeem hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus?

Ib tug muab faib ntawm ib tug tsav yog formatted nrog ib tug tej ntaub ntawv system. Hloov cov muab faib rau lwm hom ntaub ntawv yuav ua tau tab sis tsis qhia. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua los luam cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm kev muab faib rau lwm lub cuab yeej.

Pom zoo: Device Manager yog dab tsi?

Qee tus cwj pwm xws li cov ntaub ntawv encryption, disk quotas, cov khoom tso cai, cov ntaub ntawv compression, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv NTFS. Cov cwj pwm no tsis txaus siab hauv FAT. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv encrypted los ntawm NTFS muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw FAT-formatted, cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj encryption lawm. Nws poob nws cov kev txwv tsis pub nkag thiab tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm leej twg. Ib yam li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv compressed los ntawm NTFS ntim yuav cia li decompressed thaum muab tso rau hauv FAT formatted ntim.

Cov ntsiab lus

• Lub kaw lus cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov chaw khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yam ntxwv. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj cov ntaub ntawv system. Qhov no pab OS hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab rov qab.
• Muaj ntau hom ntaub ntawv tshuab. Txhua OS muaj nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus uas tuaj ua ntej nruab nrog OS.
• Hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv systems yog ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dhau los tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa hauv qhov system tshiab, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv poob cov yam ntxwv qub. Yog li, nws tsis pom zoo.

Elon yog tus kws sau ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm Cyber ​​S. Nws tau sau cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas txog 6 xyoo tam sim no thiab tau hais txog ntau yam. Nws nyiam npog cov ncauj lus hais txog Windows, Android, thiab cov lus qhia tshiab thiab cov lus qhia.